Everything on Gender & Biology →
Primary documents
- In re Subpoena No. 25-1431-014, No. 25-39 (2025)
Court Filing · 2025
Judge Mark A. Kearney, U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
The court struck three CHOP-related requests for child-identifying, treatment, and disclosure records as beyond congressional authorization and alternatively found privacy interests outweighed DOJ’s need. It did…
- Independent Review of Gender Identity Services for Children and Young People: Final Report (Cass Review) (2024)
Government Record · 2024
Dr Hilary Cass (chair), commissioned by NHS England
388-page final report of the English independent review. Concludes the evidence base for puberty blockers and cross-sex hormones for minors is weak; recommends blockers only within…
- Interventions to suppress puberty in adolescents experiencing gender dysphoria or incongruence: a systematic review (2024)
Peer-Reviewed Study · 2024
Taylor J, Hall R, Heathcote C, et al. (University of York)
York systematic review underpinning the Cass Review: 50 studies of puberty suppression, only 1 rated high quality. Finds no conclusions possible on gender dysphoria, mental/psychosocial health…
- Kaiser to halt gender-affirming surgery for patients under 19 across the US (2025)
News Report · 2025
Oregon Public Broadcasting
OPB reports Kaiser’s pause on gender-affirming surgery for patients under 19, citing federal actions, while nonsurgical care continued.
- Letter re Transgender Care for Children (2022)
Document · 2022
American Academy of Pediatrics, American Medical Association, and Children’s Hospital Association
The joint letter asks the Attorney General to investigate and prosecute those responsible for coordinating, provoking, and carrying out bomb threats and threats of personal violence…
- Letter to NIH Director Bertagnolli re NIH-funded transgender youth study (2024)
Government Record · 2024
U.S. Senate HELP Committee (Ranking Member Cassidy et al.)
Senate HELP Committee letter pressing NIH over the unpublished taxpayer-funded study; documents baseline cohort data from Chen et al. 2021 (28.6% elevated depression; 23.6% lifetime suicidal…
- LUPRON DEPOT-PED (leuprolide acetate) prescribing information (2022)
Government Record · 2022
AbbVie / U.S. Food and Drug Administration (Drugs@FDA)
FDA label: the only pediatric indication is central precocious puberty – no gender-dysphoria indication (use for gender dysphoria is off-label). Postmarketing section lists pseudotumor cerebri (idiopathic…
- Medicaid Program: Prohibition on Federal Medicaid and CHIP Funding for Sex-Rejecting Procedures for Children and Youth (2026)
Government Record · 2026
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
The final rule, effective October 13, 2026, prohibits federal Medicaid payment for covered procedures under 18 and federal CHIP payment under 19, with a limited transition…
- Mirabelli v. Bonta, No. 25A810 (2026)
Court Filing · 2026
Supreme Court of the United States
The Supreme Court granted interim relief to parent classes but otherwise denied the application, concluding that the challenged policies likely violated parental rights. The assessment was…
- Missouri Attorney General Andrew Bailey Confirms Launch of Multi-Agency Investigation into St. Louis Transgender Center for Harming Hundreds of Children (2023)
Government Record · 2023
Missouri Attorney General Andrew Bailey
The Attorney General confirmed an investigation begun two weeks earlier with assistance from the Department of Social Services and Division of Professional Registration. The release treats…
- NC appeals court hears arguments in case of patient who regrets transgender healthcare procedures (2026)
News Report · 2026
Will Doran, WRAL
WRAL reports September 29, 2026 oral argument and defense arguments that the claims do not fit North Carolina malpractice law and implicate professional judgment. No final…
- NHS gender identity service to close and be replaced by regional centres (2022)
Peer-Reviewed Study · 2022
Dyer C (BMJ news)
Confirms NHS England's July 2022 announcement, following the Cass interim report, that GIDS at the Tavistock would close and be replaced by regional centres – the…
- Nondiscrimination in Health and Health Education Programs or Activities—2020 Final Rule
Government Record · 2020
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
The 2020 rule removed the 2016 rule’s express gender-identity and sex-stereotyping language. It was effective August 18, 2020, and was followed by further rulemaking and litigation.
- Nondiscrimination in Health Programs and Activities—2016 Final Rule
Government Record · 2016
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
The 2016 Section 1557 rule expressly included gender identity and sex stereotyping within sex discrimination. It was effective July 18, 2016, but was later revised and…
- Nondiscrimination in Health Programs and Activities—2024 Final Rule
Government Record · 2024
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
The 2024 rule restored express gender-identity coverage and addressed categorical coverage exclusions for gender-transition or gender-affirming services. It was issued with a July 5, 2024 effective…
- Notice of Vacatur Regarding Certain Provisions of the 2024 Section 1557 Rule (2026)
Government Record · 2026
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
HHS reports that Tennessee v. Kennedy’s October 22, 2025 order vacated the 2024 rule’s provisions to the extent they expanded Title IX sex discrimination to gender…
- NoVo Foundation Form 990, Tax Year 2023
Corporate Filing · 2023
NoVo Foundation
NoVo’s 2023 return records $250,000 in general support to Hudson Valley LGBTQ Community Center. It also records $150,000 to Southwest Indigenous Women’s Coalition for a Two-Spirit…
- Number of transgender children seeking treatment surges in U.S. (Komodo Health analysis) (2022)
News Report · 2022
Respaut R, Terhune C (Reuters)
Reuters/Komodo insurance-claims analysis: 121,882 children ages 6-17 diagnosed with gender dysphoria 2017-2021; at least 4,780 minors started puberty blockers and 14,726 started hormones (2017-2021); 776 mastectomies…
- Oregon HB 2002, Enrolled (2023)
Government Record · 2023
Oregon Legislative Assembly
HB 2002 added health-insurance protections for medically necessary gender-affirming treatment and expressly did not change the age at which minors may consent. Oregon’s insurance page says…
- Oregon Revised Statutes Chapter 109, ORS 109.640 (1971)
Government Record · 1971
Oregon Legislative Assembly
ORS 109.640 allows a minor aged 15 or older to consent to specified medical care without parental consent. Its history begins with 1971 chapter 381 section…
- Pasientsikkerhet for barn og unge med kjonnsinkongruens (Patient safety for children and young people with gender incongruence) – summary (2023)
Government Record · 2023
Norwegian Healthcare Investigation Board (UKOM)
Norway's UKOM (March 2023) found the knowledge base for hormonal treatment of minors insufficient and recommended puberty blockers, cross-sex hormones and surgery for minors be defined…
- Position Statement on Gender Surgery for Children and Adolescents (2026)
Document · 2026
American Society of Plastic Surgeons / Plastic Surgery Foundation Board of Directors
LATEST STATUS: ASPS (representing ~90%+ of U.S. board-certified plastic surgeons) concluded there is insufficient evidence of a favorable risk-benefit ratio for gender-related endocrine and surgical interventions…
- Prisha Mosley Complaint, Gaston County Superior Court (2023)
Court Filing · 2023
Prisha Mosley, by counsel
The complaint alleges fraud, facilitation of fraud, constructive fraud, civil conspiracy, medical malpractice, negligent infliction of emotional distress, and unfair or deceptive practices. These are Mosley’s…
- Psychosocial Functioning in Transgender Youth after 2 Years of Hormones (2023)
Peer-Reviewed Study · 2023
Diane Chen et al.
This prospective four-site observational cohort followed 315 participants aged 12–20 and reported improved appearance congruence, positive affect, and life satisfaction and decreased depression and anxiety symptoms.…