Everything on Education & Cognition →
Primary documents
- Evening use of light-emitting eReaders negatively affects sleep, circadian timing, and next-morning alertness
Peer-Reviewed Study · 2014
Anne-Marie Chang, Daniel Aeschbach, Jeanne F. Duffy, and Charles A. Czeisler
Twelve adults completed a randomized crossover protocol comparing roughly four hours of iPad reading before bedtime for five evenings with print reading. Dim-light melatonin onset was…
- Fact Sheet: Ensuring Patient Safety Through Reform of Direct-to-Consumer Pharmaceutical Advertisement Policies (2025)
Government Record · 2025
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
HHS announced rulemaking and stepped-up enforcement in September 2025. The announcement did not itself amend the advertising regulation.
- Failure to Escape Traumatic Shock
Peer-Reviewed Study · 1967
Martin E. P. Seligman and Steven F. Maier
Dogs previously exposed to yoked inescapable shock showed substantial interference with later escape learning. The authors interpreted this as learned helplessness: learning that responding and shock…
- FBI Whistleblowers: What Their Disclosures Indicate About the Politicization of the FBI and Justice Department
Government Record · 2022
Republican staff, House Committee on the Judiciary
The partisan staff report describes an FBI threat tag for school-board-related threats and presents whistleblower allegations about investigations.
- FDA updating warnings to improve safe use of prescription stimulants used to treat ADHD and other conditions (2023)
Government Record · 2023
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
FDA required class-wide boxed-warning language addressing misuse, abuse, addiction, and overdose for prescription stimulants. The communication also required related updates elsewhere in prescribing information.
- FDA, Merck and Vioxx: Putting Patient Safety First? Hearing before the Senate Finance Committee
Transcript · 2004
David J. Graham; U.S. Senate Committee on Finance
Graham sharply criticized FDA’s safety structure in sworn Senate testimony concerning Vioxx. These were Graham’s testimony and opinions, not an FDA admission or a committee finding.
- Final Interim Recommendation of the Disinformation Best Practices and Safeguards Subcommittee
Government Record · 2022
Homeland Security Advisory Council
The advisory subcommittee recommended against retaining the Board while separately discussing best practices and safeguards for DHS work addressing disinformation.
- Final Opinion, In re Cambridge Analytica, LLC, Docket No. 9383
Government Record · 2019
Federal Trade Commission
The FTC found liability on undisputed facts after default and summary-decision proceedings. It describes deceptive harvesting and use for voter profiling and targeted advertising.
- Final Order, In re Cambridge Analytica, LLC, Docket No. 9383
Government Record · 2019
Federal Trade Commission
The final order bars covered privacy and security misrepresentations and imposes Privacy Shield-related obligations.
- Financial Ties between DSM-IV Panel Members and the Pharmaceutical Industry (2006)
Peer-Reviewed Study · 2006
Lisa Cosgrove, Sheldon Krimsky, Manisha Vijayaraghavan, Lisa Schneider
The study found financial associations for 95 of 170 DSM panel members, or 56%. Every member of the Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders…
- Finland: Organisation of Single-Structure Education
Government Record · 2025
Eurydice, European Commission
Eurydice describes the 45/15 pattern as typical while municipalities and schools decide daily and weekly timetables.
- Fitness to Practise Panel Hearing: Dr Andrew Jeremy Wakefield, Findings of Fact
Document · 2010
GMC Fitness to Practise Panel
The panel made findings concerning dishonesty, undisclosed interests, ethical approval, and clinically unsupported procedures. It expressly did not decide whether MMR vaccination is linked to autism.
- Five days at outdoor education camp without screens improves preteen skills with nonverbal emotion cues
Peer-Reviewed Study · 2014
Yalda T. Uhls et al.
The experiment compared 51 preteens at a five-day screen-free camp with 54 matched controls retaining usual media practices.
- Fluoxetine Hydrochloride Prescribing Information (2014)
Government Record · 2014
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
This FDA label preserves the extension of suicidality language to young adults and states that short-term studies did not show increased risk beyond age 24. It…
- Following HSAC Recommendation, DHS Terminates Disinformation Governance Board
Government Record · 2022
Department of Homeland Security
DHS announced that the Board was terminated and its charter rescinded following the advisory council’s recommendation.
- Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997, Public Law 105-115
Government Record · 1997
105th United States Congress
FDAMA was enacted after FDA issued the draft broadcast guidance. Its table of contents does not identify the broadcast-advertising guidance as an FDAMA mandate.
- FTC and New York v. Google LLC and YouTube LLC: Complaint (2019)
Court Filing · 2019
Federal Trade Commission; People of the State of New York
The FTC and New York complaint against Google and YouTube. It says YouTube pitched itself to toy makers Mattel and Hasbro as the top destination to…
- FTC and New York v. Google LLC and YouTube LLC: Stipulated Order (2019)
Court Filing · 2019
U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia
The court order settling the FTC's YouTube case. Google and YouTube neither admitted nor denied the allegations, paid the penalty, and agreed to build a system…
- FTC Finalizes Orders with Cox Media Group and Two Other Firms Settling Charges They Deceived Customers About “Active Listening” Service
Government Record · 2026
Federal Trade Commission
The FTC finalized orders and $930,000 in relief concerning deceptive Active Listening marketing. It states the marketed service was not based on voice data.
- General Explanations of the Administration’s Fiscal Year 2022 Revenue Proposals
Government Record · 2021
U.S. Department of the Treasury
Treasury proposed annual gross-flow reporting for business and personal accounts, with a de minimis $600 gross-flow or fair-market-value threshold.
- Getting Fewer “Likes” Than Others on Social Media Elicits Emotional Distress Among Victimized Adolescents
Peer-Reviewed Study · 2020
Child Development / PubMed Central
Peer-reviewed study (2020): teens randomly given fewer likes than their peers felt more rejected, more upset and had more negative thoughts about themselves, especially those already…
- GlaxoSmithKline to Plead Guilty and Pay $3 Billion to Resolve Fraud Allegations and Failure to Report Safety Data (2012)
Government Record · 2012
U.S. Department of Justice
GSK agreed to plead guilty and pay $3 billion: $1 billion criminal and $2 billion civil. The Paxil count concerned pediatric promotion from April 1998 through…
- Global Historical Climatology Network monthly (GHCNm), Version 4
Government Record · 2024
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
NOAA explains that station moves, instrument changes, observing-protocol changes, and land-use changes can create non-climatic shifts, and documents automated homogenization and adjusted and unadjusted data.
- Google and YouTube Will Pay Record $170 Million for Alleged Violations of Children’s Privacy Law
Government Record · 2019
Federal Trade Commission
The FTC's 2019 announcement: Google and YouTube paid a record $170 million ($136 million to the FTC, $34 million to New York) to settle charges they…