Federal Reserve economists, 2019: the 2018 tariffs helped protected industries a little, but higher input costs and foreign retaliation outweighed it, for a net 1.4 percent drop in manufacturing jobs in the most exposed industries.
an interquartile shift in exposure to the tariffs is associated with a reduction in manufacturing employment of 1.4 percent
p. 4; printed p. 3
Federal Reserve economists, 2019: the 2018 tariffs helped protected industries a little, but higher input costs and foreign retaliation outweighed it, for a net 1.4 percent drop in manufacturing jobs in the most exposed industries.