U.S. Supreme Court, June 2018: the SEC's in-house administrative law judges are officers of the United States and must be appointed the way the Constitution requires. The person penalized was entitled to a new hearing before a properly appointed judge.
The Commission's ALJs are 'Officers of the United States,' subject to the Appointments Clause.
U.S. Supreme Court, June 2018: the SEC's in-house administrative law judges are officers of the United States and must be appointed the way the Constitution requires. The person penalized was entitled to a new hearing before a properly appointed judge.