Everything on Constitutional & Founding →
Primary documents
- 18 U.S.C. 2706: Cost Reimbursement
Government Record
United States Code
Federal law: requires the government to repay companies for the costs of gathering and producing records demanded by legal process. It covers search and production costs,…
- 21 C.F.R. 1240.61: Federal Raw Milk Ban
Government Record
Food and Drug Administration, HHS
FDA regulation: bans selling raw milk for human consumption across state lines. It covers interstate sales only. Sales within a state are left to that state.
- 21 U.S.C. § 841: Prohibited acts A
Government Record · 2026
Office of the Law Revision Counsel
The twenty-year minimum in §841(b)(1)(C) concerns trafficking when death or serious bodily injury results. It is not the ordinary simple-possession penalty.
- 21 U.S.C. § 844: Penalties for simple possession
Government Record · 2026
Office of the Law Revision Counsel
Ordinary first-offense federal simple possession carries a maximum of one year, subject to statutory enhancements and other provisions. The song’s typical twenty-year possession claim is false.
- 42 U.S.C. 5106a, CAPTA Grants to States for Child Abuse or Neglect Prevention and Treatment (2023 edition)
Government Record · 2023
Office of the Law Revision Counsel
CAPTA, the federal child abuse law. States must give immunity to people who report abuse in good faith, keep reports confidential, and give people a way…
- 42 U.S.C. 625, Limitations on authorization of appropriations (2021 edition)
Government Record · 2021
Office of the Law Revision Counsel
Title IV-B, the federal child welfare services program aimed at keeping families together, has a fixed yearly cap ($325 million a year for 2017 through 2021),…
- 42 U.S.C. 670, Congressional declaration of purpose (2023 edition)
Government Record · 2023
Office of the Law Revision Counsel
The purpose section of Title IV-E, the federal foster care funding program. It covers foster care, adoption assistance, guardianship and prevention. Federal payments for eligible costs…
- 42 U.S.C. 671(a)(20), State plan for foster care and adoption assistance (2023 edition)
Government Record · 2023
Office of the Law Revision Counsel
Federal law requires fingerprint-based national criminal record checks for prospective foster and adoptive parents, plus child abuse registry checks.
- 42 U.S.C. 672, Foster care maintenance payments program (2023 edition)
Government Record · 2023
Office of the Law Revision Counsel
The federal foster care maintenance payment program. A child's eligibility for federal money is still tied to the old AFDC welfare rules as they stood on…
- 42 U.S.C. 673b, Adoption and Legal Guardianship Incentive Payments (2023 edition)
Government Record · 2023
Office of the Law Revision Counsel
Current federal law on adoption and guardianship incentive payments: $5,000 per foster child adoption above the state's base rate, $7,500 and $10,000 for older children, $4,000…
- 42 U.S.C. 674, Payments to States (2023 edition)
Government Record · 2023
Office of the Law Revision Counsel
The section that pays states back for foster care costs: maintenance payments at the federal Medicaid matching rate and administrative costs generally at 50 percent, claimed…
- 5 U.S.C. 801: Congressional Review Act
Government Record
Office of the Law Revision Counsel, U.S. House of Representatives
Federal law: agencies must send new rules to Congress before they take effect, and Congress can kill a rule by passing a resolution of disapproval. Unlike…
- A Progress Report on Implementation of the Recommendations of the Interbranch Commission on Juvenile Justice
Government Record · 2011
Pennsylvania Interbranch Commission on Juvenile Justice
Pennsylvania's 2011 report on Kids for Cash reforms. It says the state Supreme Court ordered expungement of every juvenile charge in about 4,000 cases handled by…
- ABC News: FBI Confirms Laptop at Hunter Biden Gun Trial (2024)
News Report · 2024
ABC News
ABC News, June 2024: at Hunter Biden's gun trial, prosecutors showed the laptop and FBI agent Erika Jensen testified it was confirmed to be his, backed…
- Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc., 2023 Form 10-K
Corporate Filing · 2024
Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc.
Acadia Healthcare's annual SEC filing. It says the company paid $400 million on January 19, 2024 to settle three New Mexico foster care cases, without admitting…
- ACLU SoCal: Opposing the LA Sheriff’s Jail Heat-Ray Device (2010)
Document · 2010
ACLU of Southern California
ACLU of Southern California, 2010: challenged the Los Angeles County Sheriff's plan to use a jail version of the heat-ray, noting the military version was sent…
- ACLU v. Clapper, 785 F.3d 787 (2d Cir. 2015)
Court Filing · 2015
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
The federal appeals court ruling that the NSA's bulk telephone metadata program exceeded what Congress authorized under Section 215 of the PATRIOT Act.
- ACLU v. Clapper: Second Circuit Opinion (2015)
Court Filing · 2015
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit; Justia reproduction
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, May 2015: held that Section 215 of the Patriot Act did not authorize the NSA's bulk phone records…
- Adoption and Legal Guardianship Incentive Awards History
Government Record · 2026
Administration for Children and Families
The federal government's state-by-state table of adoption and guardianship incentive money paid from fiscal 1998 through fiscal 2024.
- Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997, Public Law 105-89
Government Record · 1997
U.S. Congress
The 1997 law that created federal adoption incentive payments ($4,000 for each foster child adoption above a state's baseline, plus $2,000 for special-needs adoptions) and the…
- Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980, Public Law 96-272
Government Record · 1980
U.S. Congress
The 1980 law that built the modern federal foster care funding system (Title IV-E). It required states to make "reasonable efforts" to prevent a child's removal…
- African American Children in Foster Care: Additional HHS Assistance Needed to Help States Reduce the Proportion in Care, GAO-07-816
Government Record · 2007
Government Accountability Office
GAO found African American children were under 15% of the U.S. child population but 34% of the children remaining in foster care at the end of…
- Alexander v. State, No. 1D12-2469
Court Filing · 2013
Florida District Court of Appeal, First District
The court reversed Alexander’s 2012 conviction and 20-year sentence only for erroneous self-defense instructions, while rejecting Stand Your Ground immunity. Her 2015 negotiated outcome was three…
- Alphabet: Letter to Chairman Jordan on Biden Administration Pressure (2025)
Corporate Filing · 2025
Daniel F. Donovan, counsel for Alphabet Inc.
Alphabet's counsel, September 2025: told the House Judiciary Committee that senior Biden officials pressed YouTube about content that did not break its rules, while saying the…